4.3 Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries
IFRS 10 governs the basis for consolidation where it establishes a single control model that applies to all entities including special purpose entities or structured entities. The definition of control is such that an investor controls an investee when it is exposed to, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. To meet the definition of control in IFRS 10, all three criteria must be met, including:
• the investor has power over an investee;
• the investor has exposure to, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and
• the investor has the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the investor’s returns.
The Group reassesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above.
When the Group has less than a majority of the voting rights of an investee, it has power over the investee when the voting rights are sufficient to give it the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee unilaterally.
3 Significant accounting policies (continued)
The Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether or not the Group’s voting rights in an investee are sufficient to give it power, including:
• the size of the Group’s holding of voting rights relative to the size and dispersion of holdings of the other vote holders;
• potential voting rights held by the Group, other vote holders and other parties;
• rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and
• any additional facts and circumstances that indicate that the Group has, or does not have, the current ability to direct the relevant activities at the time that decisions need to be made, including voting patterns and previous shareholders’ meetings.
Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and/or ceases when the Group loses control over the subsidiary. Specifically, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss from the date the Group gains control until the date when the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.
Profit or loss of each component of other comprehensive income is attributable to the owners of the Group and to the non-controlling interests. Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributable to the owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interest even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.
When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with the Group’s accounting policies. All intragroup assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation.
Changes in the Group’s ownership interest in existing subsidiaries
Changes in the Group’s ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in the Group losing control over the subsidiaries are accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amounts of the Group’s interests and the non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiaries. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognized directly in equity and attributed to shareholders of the Parent.
When a change in the Group’s ownership interest in a subsidiary result in a loss of control over the subsidiary, the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary including any goodwill are derecognized. Amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are also reclassified to the consolidated statement of profit or loss or transferred directly to retained earnings.
Any retained equity interest in the entity is remeasured at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the retained interest at the date when control is lost, and its fair value is recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.
The fair value of any investment retained in the former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition for subsequent accounting under IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ or, when applicable, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate or a joint venture.
